If you’re searching for the 15 best dog harnesses that keep your pup safe and stylish in 2025, I’ve got you covered. I’ve looked into durable, adjustable, and comfortable options suitable for large, medium, and small dogs, with features like reflective strips, no-pull design, and water-repellent fabrics. Whether you want a tactical, padded, or step-in style, these harnesses focus on safety, control, and comfort. Keep exploring to find the perfect fit for your furry friend.
Key Takeaways
- Durable, high-quality materials and reinforced stitching ensure long-lasting safety and reliability for active or escape-prone dogs.
- Fully adjustable designs with padded, breathable fabrics provide a comfortable, secure fit for a wide range of breeds and sizes.
- Safety features like reflective strips, webbing, and multiple leash attachment points enhance visibility and control during day and night walks.
- Easy-to-use quick-release buckles and secure fastening systems simplify harnessing and ensure a snug, escape-proof fit.
- Stylish options incorporate reflective accents and modern design elements for both safety and fashion in 2025.
Rabbitgoo No Pull Dog Harness with Leash Clips, Adjustable Padded Pet Vest for Large Dogs
If you’re looking for a reliable no-pull harness for your large dog, the Rabbitgoo No Pull Dog Harness stands out as an excellent choice in 2025. Its adjustable, padded design guarantees a comfortable fit for breeds like German Shepherds, Huskies, or Labradors. Made from durable nylon Oxford with reflective strips, it offers safety during night walks. The harness features two leash rings—front for training and back for casual walks—plus a top handle for extra control. Lightweight and easy to clean, it’s perfect for indoor, outdoor, and active use. Many dog owners praise its durability, fit, and ability to curb pulling behavior effectively.
Best For: dog owners seeking a durable, adjustable, and comfortable no-pull harness for large breeds like German Shepherds, Huskies, and Labradors, suitable for active outdoor and training activities.
Pros:
- Adjustable and padded design ensures a secure and comfortable fit for various large dog breeds.
- Features dual metal leash rings for versatile control during walks and training sessions.
- Made from durable nylon Oxford with reflective strips for enhanced safety during night walks.
Cons:
- The handle could be thicker for easier grip and better control.
- Plastic clips may wear over time; metal clips could improve longevity.
- Proper sizing is essential; incorrect fit may reduce effectiveness or comfort.
PHOEPET No Pull Dog Harness for Medium Dogs
The PHOEPET No Pull Dog Harness for Medium Dogs stands out as an excellent choice for pet owners seeking a safe and comfortable harness that reduces pulling. Its quick-release buckles on the neck and chest make it easy to put on and take off without passing over the dog’s head, easing stress for both of us. The adjustable straps and four clips ensure a snug fit, while the soft, padded handle offers extra control during walks or car rides. Reflective material boosts visibility in low light, and the durable construction supports strong pullers. Overall, this harness combines safety, comfort, and convenience, earning praise from many owners for its reliable performance.
Best For: pet owners of medium-sized dogs seeking a safe, comfortable, and easy-to-use harness that effectively reduces pulling during walks.
Pros:
- Easy to put on and take off with quick-release buckles, eliminating the need to pass over the dog’s head.
- Reflective material enhances visibility and safety during low-light conditions.
- Adjustable straps and padded handles provide a customizable fit and extra control for various activities.
Cons:
- Proper sizing is crucial; incorrect fit may lead to potential escape or discomfort.
- Some users may find the harness slightly heavier compared to minimalist designs.
- Regular adjustments might be needed to maintain snugness as the dog grows or moves.
Best Pet Supplies Voyager Step-in Air Dog Harness
Looking for a harness that combines safety, comfort, and ease of use for your small or medium-sized dog? The Best Pet Supplies Voyager Step-in Air Dog Harness is an excellent choice. Made with breathable, soft air mesh, it keeps pets cool and comfortable year-round. Its step-in design makes for quick, hassle-free on/off, while adjustable straps ensure a snug, secure fit. Reflective bands boost visibility during low-light walks, enhancing safety. With triple security—hook & loop fastener, sturdy buckle, and double D-rings—it’s built for active dogs and escape-prone pups. Available in vibrant colors and sizes from XXS to large, it’s durable, stylish, and reliable for everyday adventures.
Best For: pet owners seeking a lightweight, secure, and comfortable harness for small to medium-sized dogs or cats that prioritizes safety, ease of use, and visibility during walks.
Pros:
- Made with breathable, quick-drying air mesh for year-round comfort.
- Step-in design allows for easy on/off, ideal for wiggly or escape-prone pets.
- Features reflective bands and triple security (hook & loop, buckle, double D-rings) for enhanced safety and durability.
Cons:
- Sizing may require careful measurement; some owners recommend sizing up for a better fit.
- Velcro fasteners may need regular cleaning to maintain adhesion.
- The harness’s snug fit might be tight for very broad or irregularly shaped breeds if not measured accurately.
No Pull Dog Harness with Leash for Medium to Large Dogs
For owners of medium to large dogs who struggle with pulling on walks, the No Pull Dog Harness with Leash offers an effective solution that prioritizes safety and control. It features front and back metal rings for versatile attachment, with the front clip preventing pulling and the back for relaxed walks. The adjustable straps ensure a snug fit, while quick snap buckles make it easy to put on and take off securely. Reflective stitching boosts visibility at night, and the durable nylon construction withstands daily wear. Many users praise its comfort, ease of use, and ability to reduce pulling, making walks more enjoyable for both of us.
Best For: dog owners of medium to large breeds seeking a comfortable, durable harness that effectively reduces pulling and enhances walk safety.
Pros:
- No pull and no choke design with front and back attachment rings for versatile control
- Adjustable straps and quick snap buckles for a secure, customized fit
- Reflective stitching for increased visibility during nighttime walks
Cons:
- Some users report sizing issues; measuring your dog beforehand is recommended
- May require initial adjustment to find the perfect fit for certain dogs
- Slightly heavier than basic harnesses, which might be noticeable for very small or sensitive dogs
Voyager Step-In Air Dog Harness for Small and Medium Dogs
If you’re searching for a harness that combines comfort, safety, and ease of use for your small or medium dog, the Voyager Step-In Air Dog Harness is an excellent choice in 2025. Made from breathable, soft mesh, it’s lightweight, quick-drying, and feels like a shirt rather than a bulky harness. Its triple security system—Velcro, buckle, and double D-rings—keeps your pup secure. The step-in design simplifies putting it on, especially for resistant pets. Available in various colors, it features reflective bands for visibility during low-light walks. Proper sizing is key, but when fitted correctly, it offers comfort, safety, and style all in one package.
Best For: small to medium dogs and cats that need a comfortable, secure, and easy-to-use harness for daily walks or outdoor activities.
Pros:
- Made with breathable, soft mesh fabric for year-round comfort and quick drying.
- Features a simple step-in design with triple security—Velcro, buckle, and double D-rings—for maximum safety.
- Reflective bands enhance visibility during low-light conditions, increasing safety during early morning or evening walks.
Cons:
- Proper sizing and measurement are essential; an incorrect fit may compromise safety and comfort.
- Not suitable for large breeds or very thick-furred dogs, especially in hot climates without ventilation.
- Requires regular inspection and careful adjustment to prevent slipping or chafing during active use.
Petank Dog Harness for Small & Medium Dogs, No Pull, Puppy Harness and Leash Set
The Petank Dog Harness for Small & Medium Dogs stands out in 2025 as an ideal choice for pet owners seeking a comfortable, no-pull harness that’s easy to put on. Made from breathable jacquard mesh fabric, it offers softness, durability, and moisture-wicking comfort. Its step-in design means no pulling over the head, making dressing quick and stress-free. Reflective strips enhance visibility during nighttime walks, while the Velcro closure guarantees a secure fit and prevents escape. With multiple leash attachment points, it’s versatile for training or casual walks. Lightweight and adjustable, it fits small to medium breeds perfectly, combining safety, convenience, and style in one affordable set.
Best For: pet owners of small to medium dogs seeking a comfortable, easy-to-use, and safe harness for daily walks and training.
Pros:
- Made from breathable, soft, and durable jacquard mesh fabric for maximum comfort and longevity
- Step-in design with reflective strips enhances safety and ease of dressing
- Multiple leash attachment points provide versatility for training, walking, or running
Cons:
- Hand wash only, which may be less convenient for frequent cleaning
- Sizing requires accurate measurements; ordering one size up is recommended if between sizes
- Limited color options, with purple being the only available color at the moment
PetSafe Easy Walk No-Pull Dog Harness
When searching for an effective no-pull harness in 2025, the PetSafe Easy Walk stands out thanks to its front-clip design that gently redirects your dog’s pulling behavior. Created by a veterinary behaviorist in 2004, it’s trusted by over a million pet parents worldwide. The harness rests across the chest, avoiding neck pressure, and features a patented martingale loop that tightens gradually when your dog pulls or lunges, guiding them calmly. It’s lightweight, breathable, and easy to put on, with four adjustable points for a perfect fit. Many users see immediate improvements, making walks safer and more enjoyable for both of you.
Best For: dog owners seeking an effective, comfortable no-pull harness to improve leash manners and ease walks, especially for medium breeds.
Pros:
- Gently redirects pulling with front-clip design for humane control
- Adjustable for a snug, custom fit across four points
- Lightweight, breathable, and durable for active use
Cons:
- Requires periodic fit checks to maintain proper placement
- Hand wash only; not suitable for machine washing
- May take time for some dogs to fully adapt to the harness
Heavy Duty Tactical Dog Harness for Large Dogs
For large, powerful dogs that require maximum control and durability, the Heavy Duty Tactical Dog Harness from Beebiepet stands out as an excellent choice in 2025. Made from tough nylon with reinforced stitching, it’s built to handle breeds like Rottweilers, German Shepherds, and retrievers. It features adjustable straps, a sturdy handle, and multiple leash attachment points, including a front D-ring for no-pull control. Reflective stitching boosts safety during nighttime walks, while padded, breathable areas keep your dog comfortable. The harness’s tactical look, combined with ease of use and reliable security, makes it perfect for active, training, or service dogs.
Best For: large, strong breeds like Rottweilers, German Shepherds, and retrievers that need durable, adjustable control and safety features during active outdoor activities or training.
Pros:
- Heavy-duty construction with reinforced stitching ensures long-lasting durability.
- Multiple adjustment points and quick-release buckles make it easy to put on and customize fit.
- Reflective stitching and tactical design enhance safety and style for nighttime walks and active use.
Cons:
- Hand wash only, which may require special care for maintenance.
- Slightly heavier weight at 1.69 pounds might be noticeable for smaller or less active dogs.
- May be more expensive compared to basic harness options due to high-quality materials and features.
Ruffwear Front Range Dog Harness, Adjustable & Lightweight for All Dogs
Looking for a harness that offers both comfort and adjustability for all dog sizes? The Ruffwear Front Range Dog Harness is exactly that. Made from durable polyester ripstop with breathable mesh lining, it’s lightweight and soft yet tough enough for active pups. It features dual leash attachment points, including a sturdy back ring and reinforced chest webbing, plus four adjustable straps and secure side-release buckles to guarantee a perfect fit. Reflective trim boosts visibility in low light, and the foam padding prevents chafing during long walks. Easy to fit and clean, it’s a versatile choice for everyday adventures, training, or outdoor activities.
Best For: active, outdoor, or training-focused dog owners seeking a comfortable, adjustable harness suitable for all breed sizes.
Pros:
- Durable and lightweight materials ensure long-lasting use and comfort.
- Adjustable straps and secure side-release buckles provide a customizable, snug fit for all dogs.
- Reflective trim and a dedicated Light loop enhance visibility and safety in low-light conditions.
Cons:
- Some users find the harness difficult to adjust for a perfect fit, especially over the head for certain breeds.
- Limited color options may not suit everyone’s aesthetic preferences.
- Hand washing is recommended for cleaning, which may be less convenient than machine-washable options.
AMTOR Small Dog Harness with Leash Set
If you’re searching for a harness that combines safety, comfort, and ease of use, the AMTOR Small Dog Harness with Leash Set stands out as an excellent choice. It features no-pull, no-choke design with dual D-rings and padded material to prevent tugging and reduce pressure on your pet’s neck. The reflective strips and multi-layer security ensure high visibility during nighttime walks. Made from breathable, durable mesh, it’s comfortable for your dog and easy to put on with a simple step-in style. The set includes a matching leash with a padded handle, providing both style and practicality for everyday walks.
Best For: Pet owners seeking a safe, comfortable, and easy-to-use harness for small dogs and cats during daily walks.
Pros:
- No-pull, no-choke design with reflective safety features enhances pet security during night walks.
- Breathable, padded mesh fabric provides comfort and reduces tugging pressure on pets’ necks.
- Easy step-in style and complete set with matching leash make it convenient for quick on/off and everyday use.
Cons:
- Some sizes may run small, especially for larger breeds, requiring sizing up for a proper fit.
- Durability could be improved with reinforced stitching in high-stress areas based on user feedback.
- Limited size options; may not be suitable for very large or extra-large breeds.
Best Pet Supplies Voyager Adjustable Dog Vest Harness
The Best Pet Supplies Voyager Adjustable Dog Vest Harness stands out as an excellent choice for active dogs and their owners who prioritize visibility and comfort. Made from multi-layer, breathable mesh fabric with reflective 3M Scotchlite webbing, it enhances safety during early morning or late evening walks. Its simple step-in design and four adjustable points guarantee a perfect fit for small, medium, and large dogs. With two sturdy metal D-rings for secure leash attachment, it’s ideal for walks, jogging, or training. Lightweight at just over 3 ounces, it combines durability with softness, providing comfort without sacrificing strength. Easy to wash, it’s a versatile, functional harness for all life stages.
Best For: active dogs of small to large sizes and their owners who want a comfortable, adjustable, and highly visible harness for walks, training, or jogging.
Pros:
- Breathable multi-layer mesh fabric with reflective webbing enhances safety during low-light conditions.
- Fully adjustable with four points for a secure, customized fit suitable for growing puppies and unique body shapes.
- Lightweight yet durable, providing comfort during extended wear and resisting active pulling and thrashing.
Cons:
- Sizing does not directly correspond to breed or weight, requiring precise measurement for optimal fit.
- Some dogs may slip out if the harness is not fitted properly or adjusted correctly.
- Minor dirt accumulation may occur, although it washes out easily, and the soft fabric may be gnawed if not supervised.
WINGOIN Tactical Dog Harness for Large Dogs
The WINGOIN Tactical Dog Harness stands out as an excellent choice for large dogs that need a durable and secure harness for outdoor activities. It fits chest girths of 27-37 inches and necks of 19-25 inches, making it ideal for breeds like German Shepherds and Labradors. Made from military-grade nylon with a two-layer design, it offers toughness and breathability. Quick-release side buckles make it easy to put on and take off, while stainless steel D-rings provide reliable leash attachment. The sturdy handle and reflective strips ensure safety and control during walks, training, or hunting, making it a versatile and dependable harness for active large dogs.
Best For: large dog owners seeking a durable, secure, and comfortable harness for outdoor activities like walking, training, or hunting.
Pros:
- Made from military-grade nylon with a two-layer design for enhanced durability and breathability
- Features four quick-release side buckles for easy and rapid fitting and removal
- Equipped with stainless steel D-rings, a sturdy handle, and reflective strips for safety and control in low light conditions
Cons:
- Size range may not fit very small or extremely large breeds outside the specified measurements
- The harness’s bulkiness might be less suitable for dogs that prefer lighter gear
- Requires proper measurement of chest and neck girth for optimal fit to prevent slipping or discomfort
ShawnCo Essential Dog Harness for Small to Large Dogs
Designed for versatility and ease of use, the ShawnCo Essential Dog Harness stands out as an ideal choice for small to large dogs in 2025. It’s built with durable, high-quality materials, including reinforced rings, sturdy nylon straps, and a breathable mesh underside for all-day comfort. Weighing just 5.3 ounces, it’s lightweight yet strong, with three leash attachment points for maximum control. Fully adjustable at the chest and belly, it fits a wide range of breeds and sizes comfortably. Reflective trim ensures safety at night, and it’s quick to put on or take off—usually in under three seconds—making walks safer, easier, and more enjoyable.
Best For: Dog owners seeking a durable, comfortable, and versatile harness suitable for small to large breeds, including those with special needs or sensitivities.
Pros:
- Made with high-quality, heavy-duty materials that ensure durability and long-lasting use
- Fully adjustable at the chest and belly for a customized, comfortable fit across all dog sizes and breeds
- Features three leash attachment points and reflective trim for enhanced control and safety during night walks
Cons:
- Hand washing required for cleaning, which may be less convenient than machine washable options
- Some users suggest minor modifications like adding padding on straps for increased comfort
- While easy to put on and remove, the harness may require slight adjustments for an optimal fit on certain body shapes
Annchwool No Pull Dog Harness with Padded Handle and Reflective Strip
If you’re looking for a reliable harness that offers both comfort and safety, the Annchwool No Pull Dog Harness with Padded Handle and Reflective Strip is an excellent choice. It features soft, padded inner material that prevents fur damage and guarantees comfort during long walks or training. The adjustable straps come in five sizes, fitting small to large dogs, and the breathable design helps prevent chafing. Reflective stitching enhances visibility in low light, keeping your pup safe at night. Made from durable nylon, it’s strong enough for active, pull-prone dogs, with multiple rings for leash or accessory attachment. Overall, it combines safety, comfort, and style effortlessly.
Best For: small to large dogs that need a comfortable, adjustable, and reflective harness for everyday walks, training, and active outdoor activities.
Pros:
- Soft padded inner material prevents fur damage and enhances comfort.
- Reflective stitching and strips improve visibility and safety during low-light conditions.
- Durable nylon construction with multiple attachment points for leash and accessories.
Cons:
- May not withstand aggressive pulling over extended periods, especially for very strong dogs.
- Proper sizing and adjustment are crucial; incorrect fit can cause pinching or slipping.
- Some users report discrepancies in sizing, which may require careful measurement before purchase.
Carhartt Nylon Duck No Pull Dog Harness
For active dogs and their owners who prioritize durability and safety, the Carhartt Nylon Duck No Pull Dog Harness stands out in 2025. Made from tough 500-denier polyester with Rain Defender water-repellent technology, it’s built to handle rain and daily wear. The over-the-head, yoke-style design with adjustable straps ensures a secure, comfortable fit, while reflective stitching boosts visibility during evening walks. Its no-pull martingale chest strap promotes better control, and the quick control handle makes handling easier. Whether for training, active outings, or everyday walks, this harness offers durability, safety, and comfort in one reliable package.
Best For: active dog owners seeking a durable, water-resistant harness that offers safety, control, and comfort for everyday walks, training, or outdoor adventures.
Pros:
- Made from tough 500-denier polyester with Rain Defender water-repellent technology for durability and weather resistance
- Fully adjustable with reflective stitching for enhanced safety during low-light conditions
- Features a quick control handle and no-pull martingale chest strap for better control and training
Cons:
- Hand wash only, which may be less convenient for some users
- Slight potential for skin irritation if not fitted properly or if the belly strap causes chafing
- Does not include pockets or compartments for carrying small items or tags
Factors to Consider When Choosing Dog Harnesses
When choosing a dog harness, I focus on comfort and fit to keep my pup happy and secure. I also consider durability and safety features to guarantee it lasts and provides proper control. Finally, I look for ease of use, size, and adjustability to make gear changes quick and stress-free.
Comfort and Fit
Choosing a comfortable and well-fitting harness is essential for keeping your dog happy and safe. To do this, accurately measure your dog’s chest and neck to ensure the harness fits snugly without causing chafing or slipping. Adjustable straps are a must—they let you customize the fit as your dog grows or changes weight, ensuring ongoing comfort. Look for padded harnesses, which distribute pressure evenly across your dog’s body, reducing discomfort and skin irritation during long walks. Breathable materials like mesh or lightweight fabric help prevent overheating, especially in warmer weather. A good rule of thumb is that you should be able to slide two fingers between the harness and your dog’s body, ensuring it’s secure but not too tight. Proper fit makes all the difference.
Durability and Material
Durability is a key factor I consider when selecting a dog harness, as it directly impacts how well the harness will hold up over time. I look for harnesses made from high-denier nylon, polyester, or durable nylon blends because they resist tearing and fraying, even with active use. Reinforced stitching, like bartacks or double seams, adds extra strength, ensuring the harness can handle tension during walks or pulls. Weather-resistant features, such as water-repellent coatings, protect the material from rain, mud, and moisture, extending its lifespan. Heavy-duty hardware, including rust-proof metal D-rings and buckles, guarantees secure leash attachment and durability during vigorous activities. Regular inspections and maintenance are also essential to keep the harness safe and in top condition over the years.
Control and Safety Features
Control and safety features are essential for ensuring a secure and comfortable walk for your dog. Effective control options like front leash rings and adjustable straps help manage pulling and keep the harness secure, reducing the chance of escapes or choking. Reflective stitching or strips boost visibility during early mornings or late evenings, making walks safer in low-light conditions. Many harnesses come with handles or multiple attachment points, allowing for quick guidance or emergency control in crowded or unpredictable situations. Properly designed safety features distribute pulling pressure evenly across the chest or body, preventing injuries and increasing comfort. Locking buckles and reinforced stitching add extra security, preventing accidental detachment and ensuring the harness withstands active or forceful pulling. These features work together to keep your dog safe and under control.
Ease of Use
When selecting a dog harness, ease of use is a top priority because it makes daily walks more enjoyable and less stressful. A harness with quick-release buckles and a step-in design allows me to put it on and take it off quickly, saving time and hassle. Adjustable straps and multiple attachment points help me find the perfect fit without complicated adjustments, ensuring comfort and security for my dog. Clear fastening mechanisms, like Velcro or side-release buckles, make harnessing straightforward and reduce frustration. Features such as color-coded straps or instructions help me ensure proper placement every time. Additionally, a lightweight, minimally bulky harness makes handling smoother and application faster, making the experience more user-friendly for both me and my pup.
Size and Adjustability
Choosing the right size and ensuring proper adjustability are essential because a harness that fits well keeps your dog safe and comfortable. A properly fitted harness prevents chafing, slipping, and discomfort. Adjustable straps at the chest and neck let you customize the fit as your dog grows or changes weight. Before buying, measure your dog’s girth and neck accurately to select the right size. A good rule of thumb is that two fingers should fit snugly between the straps and your dog’s body, indicating a secure yet comfortable fit. Too tight, and it can restrict movement or cause discomfort. Too loose, and it might slip off or fail to control your dog effectively. Proper sizing and adjustability are key to a safe, comfortable walking experience.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Do I Measure My Dog for the Perfect Harness Fit?
To measure your dog for the perfect harness fit, I recommend using a soft measuring tape. First, measure around the widest part of their chest, just behind the front legs. Then, measure around their neck at the broadest point. Make sure to leave a little room for comfort, about two fingers’ width. Always check the sizing chart of the harness to guarantee the best fit, and adjust as needed.
Are There Harnesses Suitable for Dogs With Sensitive Skin?
Yes, there are harnesses suitable for dogs with sensitive skin. I look for options made from soft, breathable materials like organic cotton or fleece-lined fabrics that prevent chafing. Adjustable straps help guarantee a snug but gentle fit, reducing irritation. I also avoid harnesses with harsh dyes or synthetic materials. Choosing the right harness can keep your pup comfortable, safe, and happy, even with sensitive skin.
Can a Harness Help Prevent Leash Pulling Effectively?
Yes, a harness can help prevent leash pulling effectively. I’ve found that front-clip harnesses, in particular, give you better control and discourage pulling by redirecting your dog’s attention. Consistent training combined with a well-fitted harness makes a big difference. I recommend choosing one with sturdy materials and adjustable features to guarantee comfort and control, making walks more enjoyable for both of you.
How Often Should I Replace or Adjust My Dog’s Harness?
I recommend checking your dog’s harness regularly, ideally once a month, to guarantee it still fits well and is in good condition. Replace it immediately if you notice any wear, tears, or if it no longer fits properly after growth or weight changes. Adjust it as needed to keep your pup comfortable and secure. Staying attentive helps prevent discomfort and keeps your dog safe on walks.
Do Harnesses Restrict a Dog’s Range of Motion During Walks?
A stitch in time saves nine, they say, and that’s true for harnesses too. Most modern harnesses don’t substantially restrict a dog’s range of motion if fitted properly. I’ve found that adjustable and well-designed harnesses allow freedom while providing control. Just guarantee it’s snug but not tight, so your pup can move comfortably without chafing or feeling restricted. Proper fit makes all the difference in comfort and safety.
Conclusion
Just like a trusty compass guides a sailor through uncharted waters, the right harness keeps your pup safe and stylish on every adventure. Whether you’re exploring city streets or forest trails, choosing the perfect fit guarantees peace of mind and happy paws. Remember, a well-chosen harness isn’t just gear—it’s your pup’s ticket to freedom and confidence. So, pick wisely, and let every walk be a story worth telling.
